IMAT Time Management

The IMAT (International Medical Admissions Test) presents candidates with a precise logistical challenge: 60 questions across four sections, to be answered in exactly 100 minutes. That arithmetic alone—roughly 100 seconds per question on average—seems straightforward until candidates sit a full-length mock and discover that their natural working pace leaves anywhere from 8 to 15 questions completely unattempted. Time management is not an afterthought skill in IMAT preparation; it is a core exam technique that determines whether your subject knowledge converts into marks or evaporates under pressure. This article dissects the IMAT time allocation problem section by section, prescribes evidence-based pacing budgets, and identifies the specific behavioural patterns that cost candidates the highest marks. The goal is not merely to finish the paper but to finish it with sufficient strategic reserve to return to flagged questions and avoid the careless errors that plague rushed final minutes.

Understanding the IMAT time allocation problem

The IMAT consists of four sections: General Knowledge (12 questions), Logical Reasoning (10 questions), Biology (18 questions), and Chemistry (18 questions). Candidates receive 100 minutes to answer all 60 questions. The nominal average is therefore 1 minute and 40 seconds per question, or approximately 100 seconds. However, nominal averages are deceptive in timed examinations because question difficulty varies within and between sections. A candidate who spends equal time on every question is almost certainly under-performing on easier items and over-investing in harder ones.

The fundamental principle of IMAT time management is that your goal is not to answer every question slowly and correctly; it is to maximise your total score across all 60 questions within the fixed time constraint. This requires a tiered allocation strategy: aggressive time limits on questions you can answer fluently, strict abandon-and-flag protocols on questions where you are not making rapid progress, and a reserve of approximately 8–10 minutes for review and recovery of flagged items.

To build this capacity, candidates should treat pacing as a learned skill during preparation, not a habit they will improvise on test day. The sections below break down each domain's specific challenges and prescribe concrete time budgets.

Section-by-section time budgets

Different IMAT sections demand different working speeds. The scientific sections (Biology and Chemistry) reward rapid content retrieval and application, while Logical Reasoning rewards pattern recognition and disciplined elimination. General Knowledge is the most variable—some candidates know the answer immediately, others spend significant time on each item.

General Knowledge: 10–12 minutes for 12 questions

The General Knowledge section is both the shortest and the most unpredictable. Questions draw from science history, philosophy, literature, and general cultural awareness. Many candidates find they can answer approximately half the questions almost instantaneously while spending inordinate time on the remainder. The recommended approach is a strict 55-second maximum per item. If no confident answer emerges after elimination of two options, flag the question and move on. Spending more than 55 seconds on any General Knowledge item is almost always a losing strategy because the time investment rarely correlates with increased accuracy—candidates who dwell often talk themselves into incorrect answers through second-guessing.

Total budget for this section should not exceed 12 minutes. Spending less is advantageous; any recovered minutes flow directly into the longer scientific sections.

Logical Reasoning: 12–15 minutes for 10 questions

Logical Reasoning questions on the IMAT typically include deductive arguments, assumptions identification, and inference evaluation. The section rewards clear, structured thinking rather than prolonged analysis. Each Logical Reasoning item should receive a maximum of 90 seconds. The first 20–30 seconds are spent reading and identifying the argument structure. The next 40–50 seconds involve option elimination. If elimination does not yield a confident selection, the question should be flagged and revisited only if time permits at the end.

A critical distinction in Logical Reasoning is between questions where you can eliminate three options immediately (and thus should) versus questions where you find yourself genuinely torn between two options. The former require minimal time; the latter suggest the question is genuinely difficult and should not receive disproportionate attention in the moment.

Biology: 28–32 minutes for 18 questions

Biology is the longest scientific section and the one where time management discipline most directly impacts total score. With 18 questions to answer in roughly 30 minutes, the budget is approximately 100 seconds per question on average—matching the overall exam average. However, this is misleading because Biology questions range from straightforward recall items to complex application problems involving experimental data interpretation.

The recommended strategy is a three-tier system: questions you can answer in under 60 seconds (easy recall, clear diagram interpretation), questions requiring 60–90 seconds (application, multi-step reasoning), and questions requiring more than 90 seconds (complex problems, unfamiliar topic areas). Items falling into the third tier should be flagged immediately and revisited only if time remains after all other sections are complete. Attempting to solve a genuinely difficult Biology question to completion before moving on is among the most costly pacing errors, as it frequently consumes 3–5 minutes while displacing time from items you would answer correctly with less effort.

Chemistry: 25–28 minutes for 18 questions

Chemistry on the IMAT tests both factual recall and problem-solving ability. Organic chemistry reaction prediction, stoichiometry, equilibrium calculations, and acid-base concepts all appear regularly. The time budget mirrors Biology: approximately 100 seconds per question on average, with a strict flag-and-return protocol for items exceeding 90 seconds of active working time without progress.

One particular trap in Chemistry sections is the multi-step calculation. Some stoichiometry or equilibrium questions require three or four sequential steps. Candidates who begin these calculations without first assessing whether the answer choices allow for back-estimation or unit analysis frequently spend far longer than necessary. Developing the habit of examining all answer choices before beginning a calculation is a time-saving technique that should be practised systematically during preparation.

The flag-and-return protocol: your most powerful pacing tool

The single most effective individual technique for IMAT time management is a disciplined flag-and-return protocol. The IMAT answer sheet allows candidates to flag questions they wish to revisit. Using this feature correctly requires three habits: flagging promptly when the 90-second threshold is reached, resisting the urge to circle back immediately, and returning to flagged questions only after completing all accessible items in the section.

The psychology of flag-and-return is worth examining. Many candidates resist flagging because they fear losing their place in the problem or feel psychological discomfort at leaving an item incomplete. This is a cognitive bias that works against scoring performance. A question you have read once and cannot solve immediately is unlikely to yield to additional minutes spent in the same sitting. The neural processes required to recognise an unseen pathway often require a fresh perspective, which only becomes available after your working memory has been cleared by engaging with other items.

In practice, a candidate working through Biology with 8 flagged questions at the end of the section has approximately 6 minutes to attempt those items. Even a 25% success rate on recovered flags adds 2 correct answers—potentially the difference between score bands at competitive thresholds.

Building pacing discipline during IMAT preparation

Pacing is not a natural talent; it is a trained behaviour. The most effective preparation programme integrates timed practice from the first full mock onward. Candidates who begin preparation with untimed, accuracy-focused study and only introduce timing pressure in the final weeks find that their pace does not adapt rapidly enough to match exam conditions.

The recommended progression is as follows: weeks 1–4 of full mock practice should use a generous time limit (125 minutes rather than 100) to allow candidates to build accuracy habits without time pressure. Weeks 5–8 should reduce this to 110 minutes, forcing candidates to identify which question types consume excessive time. Weeks 9–12 should operate at exactly 100 minutes, with the explicit goal of finishing the paper under exam conditions. By the final two weeks, candidates should be completing papers with 8–12 minutes remaining for review—a reserve that proves essential for flagged question recovery and error checking.

Section-specific timed drills complement full-length mocks. For Biology, candidates should practise sets of 18 questions under 30-minute conditions until the pace becomes automatic. For Logical Reasoning, completing 10 questions in 15 minutes under drill conditions builds the elimination reflexes that prevent over-thinking during the actual exam. These drills are more valuable than additional content study in the final four weeks of preparation.

Common IMAT pacing mistakes and how to avoid them

Several specific behavioural patterns reliably damage IMAT scores through time misallocation. Identifying and correcting these habits during preparation is more valuable than any additional content review in the final weeks.

The first and most damaging mistake is reading questions twice before attempting an answer. Some candidates develop a habit of reading a question, feeling uncertain, reading it again, and then beginning work—effectively consuming 50–100% more time per item than necessary. The correct habit is to read once, assess immediately whether the topic is familiar, and either begin working or flag-and-move. Re-reading rarely adds information; it adds doubt.

The second mistake is insufficient elimination before selecting an answer. Candidates who select an answer after eliminating only one option are taking unnecessary risks and frequently misreading the question after identifying an attractive option. The correct standard is elimination of at least two options before selecting from the remaining two or three choices. This takes only a few extra seconds but dramatically improves accuracy.

The third mistake is failing to use the answer sheet's flagging feature or using it inconsistently. Candidates who forget to flag a question because they were too focused on solving it lose both the question in progress and the opportunity to return systematically. Building the flag habit requires explicit practice—every time a 90-second threshold is reached during a timed drill, the candidate must physically flag the item before continuing.

Per-section pacing comparison

Understanding how time should be distributed across sections clarifies the allocation strategy for candidates preparing for the IMAT. The following table summarises recommended maximum times, per-question budgets, and priority actions for each section.

Section	Questions	Recommended Maximum Time	Seconds per Question	Priority Action if Time Exceeded
General Knowledge	12	12 minutes	60 seconds	Flag after 2 eliminations; move on
Logical Reasoning	10	15 minutes	90 seconds	Flag after 3 eliminations; move on
Biology	18	32 minutes	107 seconds	Flag at 90 seconds; move on
Chemistry	18	28 minutes	93 seconds	Flag at 90 seconds; move on
Reserve / Review	—	10–13 minutes	—	Attempt flagged items; check marked responses

This distribution leaves approximately 10–13 minutes for review and flagged item recovery, which represents the strategic reserve that distinguishes well-prepared candidates from those who finish with no time to reconsider their answers.

How to diagnose and correct your personal pacing profile

Every candidate enters IMAT preparation with a different natural pace. Some candidates process Biology content rapidly but over-invest in Logical Reasoning. Others complete General Knowledge quickly but struggle to maintain momentum through the longer scientific sections. Diagnosing your individual pacing profile is essential for targeted improvement.

The diagnostic process requires analysing at least three full-length timed mocks with a question-by-question time log. For each section, record the number of questions answered, the total time consumed, and the number flagged. Calculate your effective time per question in each section. If your Chemistry time per question significantly exceeds your Biology time per question, that disparity indicates a preparation gap rather than a pace deficiency—and the remedy is content revision, not timing drills. If both scientific sections consume approximately equal time per question but your overall time exceeds 100 minutes, the issue is likely in General Knowledge or Logical Reasoning, where candidates most frequently over-invest.

A common profile among candidates with strong science backgrounds is slow Logical Reasoning pacing, caused by a tendency to seek certainty through exhaustive analysis. These candidates benefit from the elimination-first discipline described above: forcing themselves to eliminate three options before allowing themselves to select an answer creates a structural constraint that reduces dwell time without harming accuracy.

Simulating exam conditions to build time-pressure tolerance

The psychological dimension of IMAT pacing is significant. Many candidates perform well in isolated section drills but experience a sharp performance decline under full-length timed conditions. This is a direct consequence of accumulated fatigue and increasing decision pressure as the exam progresses. Building tolerance for these conditions requires regular practice in simulated exam environments.

Effective simulation means completing a full IMAT paper in a single sitting, without breaks between sections, in a quiet environment with no access to notes or resources. The physical discomfort of sustained concentration is real and cannot be eliminated; it can only be familiarised through repetition. Candidates who have completed ten full-length mocks under exam conditions will find the actual IMAT environment noticeably less stressful than those attempting their first full timed paper on test day.

Timing the simulation matters as much as the simulation itself. Candidates should use a visible countdown timer (not a phone, which is prohibited in test centres) and commit to the flag-and-return protocol throughout. Post-simulation review should identify not only which questions were answered incorrectly but which were answered under time pressure that may have degraded accuracy.

Conclusion and next steps

IMAT time management is a trainable skill that separates candidates who leave marks on the table from those who convert their knowledge into competitive scores. The core protocol is straightforward: section-specific time budgets, a 90-second maximum per question without progress, immediate flagging, and systematic return to flagged items with 10–13 minutes in reserve. The difficulty lies in executing this protocol under the psychological pressure of an admissions examination, which is precisely why pacing must be drilled as rigorously as content during preparation. Building the flag-and-return habit, eliminating options before selecting, and completing at least ten full-length timed mocks in simulated exam conditions will produce the automatic pacing behaviour that serves candidates well on test day. TestPrep's complimentary diagnostic assessment offers a natural starting point for candidates seeking to identify their individual pacing profile and build a targeted preparation plan calibrated to their current strengths and weaknesses in time allocation.

Frequently asked questions

Is it better to answer all IMAT questions quickly or focus on fewer questions with higher accuracy?

The IMAT scoring system awards 1.5 points for each correct answer and penalises incorrect answers with -0.4 points. This negative marking means that blind guessing on questions you cannot attempt is marginally disadvantageous. However, leaving questions entirely blank (omitted) scores zero and forfeits any chance of a correct answer. The optimal strategy is to attempt every question through elimination-based guessing—narrowing down to two options even when you cannot identify the correct answer definitively. This combination of strategic flagging and educated elimination allows you to work through all 60 questions within the time limit while maintaining a positive expected score across your guesses.

How should I allocate time between the scientific sections (Biology and Chemistry) during IMAT preparation?

Biology and Chemistry each contain 18 questions. The time allocation between them should reflect your relative proficiency and the specific question types that appear in each section. Biology questions tend to include more diagram-interpretation and multi-step application items, which may require slightly longer average time per question. Chemistry questions more frequently test discrete factual recall alongside calculation-based problems. During preparation, use timed section drills for each subject separately to establish your personal speed baseline. If Chemistry questions consistently consume more of your time than Biology questions, that discrepancy indicates a knowledge gap rather than a pace problem, and the remedy is additional content study rather than timing drills alone.

Should I attempt the IMAT sections in the order they appear, or can I reorder my approach?

Candidates may work through the IMAT paper in any order they choose, as the answer sheet does not require section-by-section submission. Some candidates benefit from reordering—working through the scientific sections first when their content knowledge is fresh and leaving General Knowledge for the end when mental fatigue is highest. However, reordering introduces the risk of misallocating time across sections, as the visible pacing cues that help you track progress are calibrated to the standard section order. If you choose to reorder, you must be disciplined about section-level time budgets and maintain a personal tracker. The most important principle is consistency: whichever approach you select, practise it exclusively during your timed preparation so that it becomes automatic on test day.

How many IMAT questions should I aim to answer correctly for a competitive score?

Competitive IMAT scores for admission to Italian medical schools vary by university and year, but a score above 40–45 points (out of a possible 90) is generally considered the threshold for realistic admission chances at most institutions, with top candidates scoring in the 50–60 range. This translates to approximately 30–35 correct answers with strategic elimination-based guessing on the remaining items, accounting for the negative marking on incorrect answers. The implication for time management is that you do not need to answer every question correctly; you need to reach the correct-answer threshold with sufficient time to apply educated elimination to the remaining items. Pacing strategy should therefore prioritise working through all accessible questions rather than maximising depth on a subset.

What is the most common timing mistake IMAT candidates make in the final minutes of the exam?

The most damaging mistake in the final minutes is abandoning the elimination discipline on the remaining questions in favour of rapid random guessing. When candidates feel time pressure mounting, they frequently abandon the systematic elimination process and select answers impulsively. This is counterproductive because educated elimination—even when it cannot identify the correct answer—significantly improves the expected value of a guess. Eliminating two options raises the probability of a correct guess from 20% to 33%. In a negatively marked paper, this distinction matters. The correct behaviour in the final minutes is to continue the elimination process on any remaining questions, selecting the most confident remaining option even if time is very short, rather than rushing to mark answers without evaluation.

5 IMAT time management mistakes that cost candidates the highest marks